Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) are essential nutrients for turf growth. Both nutrients are required to appropriate amount in their use to prevent environmental Problems. There are three factors which are pH, temperature, and irrigation methods to reduce the loss of N and P, and maximize their efficiency. Entire N use has been reduced from 2000 to 2010 due to regulation change and increase of market price. However, the amount of its use is still more than optimum range. More researches on the reduction of N use for turfgrass management are required. The effect of P on turfgrass establishment has been well investigated. Phosphorus could be excessively applied although a soil test would suggest no applications and lead to P accumulation in soil. Accumulated P in soil is one of the sources to cause environmental problems such as unwanted algae growth in most fresh surface-water due to the inflow of soil with excessive P. Efforts to reduce P loss have been explored in previous researches, based on buffer strips, soil amendments, and soil types. Eleven states in US have passed the new regulation to restrict improper use of P since 2005 when Minnesota enacted the new regulation. Not much attentions of improper P use have been recognized and no regulations have been passed. The new regulation and guideline of proper P use is needed for turfgrass management program to prevent environmental problems.
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